In short
Union apprenticeships are run jointly by a local union and contractors, with pay and benefits set by a collective bargaining agreement and placement through the union hall. Non-union, or merit shop, programs are run by contractor associations or single companies, and your employer sets pay and benefits. Union programs are usually harder to get into but tuition-free. Both can be federally registered and lead to the same license.
Union (joint) programs
- Wage scale and raises written into the local agreement
- Health insurance and pension usually included
- Little or no tuition
- Placed with contractors through the hall; may move between companies
- Competitive entry with tests, interviews and rankings
Merit shop programs
- Pay and raises set by your employer
- Benefits vary from company to company
- Some charge tuition, often reimbursed by the employer
- You stay with the company that hired you unless you leave
- Often easier to start: get hired, then enroll
Questions to ask either kind of program
- Is the program registered with the Department of Labor or my state apprenticeship agency?
- What is the starting rate, and how often does it go up?
- What does it cost me, including books and tools?
- Will the hours count toward my state's journeyman license?
- What happens if work slows down?
Between jobs
In union construction, contractors call the hall when they need workers, and when a project ends you may go back on the list until the next call. Merit shop workers usually stay with one employer, which can mean steadier work in a slow market or a layoff with no hall to fall back on. Ask local workers how busy the area has been.
Not sure which route is open in your area?
Tell us your trade and ZIP and we will send training options nearby.
Straight answers
Do union apprentices make more money?
In many areas union wage scales are higher, especially once you add benefits, but it varies by city and trade. Compare actual wage sheets.
Is a non-union apprenticeship worth it?
Yes, if it is registered and the hours count toward your license. Many successful tradespeople came up through merit shop programs.
Can I switch from non-union to union later?
Often, yes. Many locals have ways to bring in experienced workers, sometimes called organizing or direct entry.
Do I have to pay union dues as an apprentice?
Union apprentices usually pay dues once they start working. Ask the local for the amount.