In short
Stick welding (SMAW) uses a flux-coated electrode, the "stick," that melts into the weld while the flux creates its own shielding gas and slag. Because it needs no gas bottle, it works outdoors and in wind, which is why it dominates structural, pipeline and repair work. Common electrodes include 6010 for deep penetrating root passes and 7018 low-hydrogen rods for strong structural welds. Many welding certification tests use stick.
Reading an electrode number
In a rod like E7018, "70" means 70,000 psi minimum tensile strength, "1" means all positions, and "8" describes the coating and current.
Beginner tips
- Keep a short, steady arc length
- Watch the puddle, not the arc
- Chip slag completely between passes
- Store low-hydrogen rods dry as the manufacturer directs
| Middle pay | $53,750 a year, roughly $25.84 an hour (May 2025) |
|---|---|
| How most people start | High school or GED to start, then moderate-term on-the-job training |
| People in the trade | About 437,700 nationwide (2025) |
| Growth to 2035 | BLS expects 2.4% growth |
| Openings a year | Around 40,300, counting retirements |
From the BLS Employment Projections table (2025 to 2035) and May 2025 wage survey. These are U.S. numbers. Local shops may pay above or below them, and apprentices start well under the middle figure.
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Straight answers
Is stick welding hard to learn?
It takes practice to strike and hold an arc, but it is a core skill taught early.
What is 7018 used for?
Structural and code welds where strength and low hydrogen matter.
Can you stick weld aluminum?
It is possible with special rods but rarely done; TIG or MIG is preferred.