In short
HVAC technicians install and service heating, cooling and refrigeration systems; plumbers install and repair water, drain and gas systems. HVAC techs can start with a certificate of a year or less plus EPA 608, while plumbers usually need a four to five year apprenticeship and a license. In May 2025, HVAC mechanics and installers earned a median $61,010 and plumbers $63,800, per BLS.
Sources checked October 11, 2026Pay, training and outlook come from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Pay is the middle (median) figure nationally; your first paycheck in the trade will usually be lower.
| BLS data | HVAC techs | Plumbers |
|---|---|---|
| Median pay, May 2025 | $61,010 | $63,800 |
| Growth, 2025 to 2035 | 10.9% | 6.8% |
| Openings each year | 40,600 | 42,000 |
| Jobs in 2025 | 440,900 | 510,600 |
Big differences
| HVAC | Plumbing | |
|---|---|---|
| Fastest start | Certificate plus EPA 608 | Apprenticeship |
| Required federal card | EPA 608 | None |
| Busy seasons | Summer and winter peaks | Steadier, with freeze-up surges |
| Licensing | Varies a lot by state | Licensed in most states |
Pick one, or ask about both
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Straight answers
Is HVAC or plumbing easier to get into?
HVAC is usually faster to start because short programs and EPA 608 can get you hired.
Which pays more?
At the median, plumbers earned more in May 2025. See the table.
Do HVAC techs need a license?
They need EPA 608 everywhere. State rules vary. See HVAC license basics.